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Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms

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Abstract

In Japan, alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) apparatus have been approved as a medical device. And for the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, drinking AEW has been found to be effective in relieving gastrointestinal symptoms. But some users of AEW apparatus do not have abdominal indefinite complaint. Little attention has been given to the benefit for the users which have no abdominal indefinite complaint. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect on health, including gastrointestinal symptoms, when a person without abdominal indefinite complaint, etc., drinks AEW on a daily basis. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial has been designed. Four-week period of everyday water drinking, PW drinking group: drink purified tap water as a placebo, AEW drinking group: drink alkaline electrolyzed water which made by electrolysis of purified tap water. Before the experiment and after the 4-week period of water drinking, Blood tests, physical fitness evaluations, and questionnaire evaluations is conducted. In this study, we did not specifically select patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Sufficiently clear effect could not be confirmed. But the stools were more normal, and, as shown in the previous report, that drinking AEW is considered to contribute to intestinal normalization. In addition, when drinking AEW, a high proportion of the respondents said that they felt they were able to sleep soundly, and the proportion of subjects who answered that they felt good when awakening increased. The effect of reducing oxidative stress, thus allowing for improved sleep, was exhibited by drinking AEW containing hydrogen, which is considered to be an antioxidant substance. This research were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine (No. 837) and were registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000031800) on March 22, 2018.

Keywords: alkaline electrolyzed water, gastrointestinal symptoms, hydrogen-dissolved water, physical fitness evaluations, questionnaire evaluations, functional beverage

Introduction

In Japan, water which is obtained on the cathode side by the electrolysis of tap water is called alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) or reduced hydrogen water. Improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms by ingesting AEW has been confirmed by Japanese researchers. For example, Naito et al. reported the inhibitory effect of AEW ingestion on gastric mucosal disorder caused by aspirin, and Hayakawa et al.reported the inhibitory effect of AEW ingestion on abnormal intestinal fermentation. Tashiro et al.examined the effect of ingesting AEW or purified tap water (PW; as a placebo) at a rate of at 500 mL per day for 4 weeks in patients who had abdominal pain such as heartburn, stomach discomfort, abdominal bloating, diarrhea, constipation, etc., and reported that the results of the AEW group were superior to those of the placebo group., From these results, apparatus that produce AEW have been approved as medical devices by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. AEW is thought to be effective for functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Since AEW is produced by electrolyzing water, hydroxide ions, which are alkaline in nature, are generated. Hydrogen molecules are also generated on the electrode surface and dissolved in water. Therefore, AEW is alkaline water containing hydrogen. In conventional efficacy studies, evaluations with respect to ingesting AEW have typically been conducted focusing on the alkalinity of the water.,,, In recent years, however, the assumed effectiveness of the antioxidant effect of dissolved hydrogen on various diseases has been reported.,,,,,,,, Nevertheless, some users of AEW apparatus do not have any definite abdominal symptoms. In many cases, they are drinking AEW on a daily basis to improve their health, and many users also feel health benefits such as improvement in exercise capacity. These may be thought to be due to the action of dissolved hydrogen. There have been no researched studies of these in detail. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of AEW on health, including gastrointestinal symptoms, in subjects without any definite abdominal symptoms.

Participants and Methods

Participants

Healthy men and women (20–60 years) who use the Osaka City Citizen Health Development Consultation Center were selected as test subjects to determine the health effect of daily AEW ingestion. It was aimed to clarify whether general subjects without gastrointestinal symptoms have another good effect besides gastrointestinal symptoms by drinking AEW which is good for gastrointestinal symptoms. We explained this purpose to the subjects and asked for research participation. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. All procedures used in this research were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine (No. 837) and were registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000031800) on March 22, 2018. This study follows the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial has been designed, and the research design is shown in Figure 1.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g001.jpg

Research design.

Note: PW: Purified tap water; AEW: alkaline electrolyzed water.

Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with an AEW group (n = 30) and a PW group (n = 30). Blood tests, physical fitness evaluations, and questionnaire evaluations were conducted before the experiment was initiated. Subjects were provided with AEW apparatus that had been modified to produce only AEW or PW. They ingested 500 mL or more of freshly produced AEW or PW per day (they were required to ingest 200 mL immediately after awakening, and 300 mL or more during the rest of the day). After the end of the four-week period, blood tests, physical fitness evaluations, and questionnaire evaluations were conducted again to check whether the ingestion of AEW for four weeks had beneficial effects on the health of the subjects.

Blood sample/urinalysis

General blood test: Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count.

Blood biochemical examination: Total protein, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), γ-GTP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, neutral fat, uric acid, creatinine, and blood sugar.

Urinalysis: Urine sugar, urine protein, urine occult blood, and urine pH.

Physical measurements

Right/left grip strength, right/left leg muscle strength, vertical jump, whole body reaction time, standing time on one leg with eyes closed, sit-up, seated forward bend, and resting blood pressure.

Questionnaire variables

Gastrointestinal symptoms (stomachache, heartburn, heavy stomach, lower abdominal pain, bloated stomach), urinary frequency, condition of the stools (fecal properties and bowel movement), and physical condition (sleep quality and upon awakening).

Statistical analysis

In the blood data, the urinalysis and physical measurement values, the statistical significance of the average difference (before and after AEW, PW drinking) was analysed using a paired t-test (Statcel 4 Software [OMS Publishing, Saitama, Japan). The questionnaire data (before and after AEW, PW drinking) was analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test using the same Statcel 4 software. Differences for which Pvalues of < 0.05 and < 0.01 were inferred as significant.

Results

Conditions of subjects and water quality

Subjects with abdominal symptoms such as heartburn, stomach discomfort, abdominal bloating, diarrhea, and constipation were used in the study previously performed., For the current study, subjects aged 20 to 69 years were randomly selected among medical checkup examinees who visited the Osaka City Citizen Health Development Consultation Center, and then divided into two groups. One group ingested PW while the other ingested AEW. Neither the subjects nor the experimenters knew which group the subjects belonged to. Figure 2 shows that no significant differences were found in dispersion of mean values and distribution values.

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Age distribution of subjects.

Note: PW: Purified tap water; AEW: alkaline electrolyzed water.

Each subject was provided with an AEW apparatus that had been modified to either produce or not produce AEW, and asked to install it at their home. In order to verify the quality of the drinking water, the water produced by the apparatus was taken into aluminum containers and collected when the subjects came in for measurement. Figure 3 shows the water quality distribution of each drinking water.

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Water quality distribution of two types of drinking water.

Note: PW: Purified tap water; AEW: alkaline electrolyzed water.

Because we selected subjects who live in or around Osaka City, the tap water from either the same or a nearby water source was used for the evaluation. For this reason, the tests have been conducted using water of equivalent quality and which shows little bias in the distribution of ions.

Regarding the water before and after the electrolysis, the pH was 7.6 ± 0.2 for the PW group, and 9.2 ± 0.2 for the AEW group. Dissolved hydrogen concentration was not measurable at the subjects’ houses because hydrogen easily escapes water. However, for non-electrolyzed and electrolyzed tap water from the same water source and using the same water apparatus, the hydrogen concentration was confirmed as 0 mg/L in the PW group and 0.2 mg/L for the AEW group for the characteristics of the device.

Comparison of hematological values

The hematological data of subjects in the PW group and the AEW group were compared before and after the four-week period, but no significant differences were observed in both groups. This is consistent with the contents of the previous report. However, the HDL cholesterol level, a newly measured value this time, of the AEW group showed a tendency to increase with P = 0.097, as shown in Figure 4.

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Change in HDL cholesterol before and after drinking.

Note: (A) alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group. HDL: High-density lipoprotein.

Comparison of data related to physical abilities

For the seated forward bend, vertical jump, right/left grip strength, and sit-up, there was no significant difference before and after the 4-week period for both the PW group and the AEW group.

Regarding the whole body reaction time, no significant differences were observed before and after the 4-week period in the case of the PW group, as seen in Figure 5B. However, a significant difference (decrease) (P < 0.05) was observed in the AEW group, as seen in Figure 5A. As for standing time on one leg with eyes closed, longer times were observed in the AEW group (P = 0.09), as seen in Figure 6A.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g005.jpg

Change in whole body reaction time before and after drinking.

Note: (A) Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group; (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g006.jpg

Changes in the standing time on one leg with eyes closed before and after drinking.

Note: (A) alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

Questionnaire to subjects

As for the questionnaire items, we asked the subjects to provide answers in 3 to 5 points about gastrointestinal symptoms (Table 1), defecation and urination (Table 2), and physical condition (Table 3).

Table 1

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Item 1 2 3 4
Stomachache Not at all Slightly Quite a lot Very much
Heartburn Not at all Slightly Quite a lot Very much
Heavy stomach Not at all Slightly Quite a lot Very much
Lower abdominal pain Not at all Slightly Quite a lot Very much
Bloated stomach Not at all Slightly Quite a lot Very much

Note: Scoring 1 to 4, where: Not at all = 1, and Very much = 4.

Table 2

Defecation and urination

Item 1 2 3 4 5
Uninary frequency Very often Often Sometimes Occasionally Rarely
Fecal properties Hard Slightly hard Normal Slightly soft Soft
Bowel movement Very good Good Normal Bad Very bad

Table 3

Physical conditionn

Item 1 2 3
Sleep quality Good Neither nor Bad
Waking up Good Neither nor Bad

Note: Scoring 1 to 3, where: Good = 1, and Bad = 3.

First, as seen in Figures ​77 to ​to11,11, as for gastrointestinal symptoms, sufficiently clear effect could not be confirmed in this study. Next, as seen in Figure 12, the urinary frequency significantly increased in both groups, likely due to an increase in urine volume resulting from water ingestion. Regarding bowel movement, the stools slightly changed from slightly soft to normal or slightly hard, or from soft to normal (P < 0.05) in the AEW group, as can be seen in Figure 13A. There was no difference between subjects of the two groups who had answered that they were in “good” or “bad” physical condition.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g007.jpg

Change in stomach ache before and after drinking.

Note: Left side: alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW), and right side: purified tap water (PW).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g011.jpg

Change in bloated stomach before and after drinking.

Note: Left side: alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW), and right side: purified tap water (PW).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g012.jpg

Change in urinary frequency before and after drinking.

Note: (A) Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, and (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g013.jpg

Changes in the condition of stools before and after drinking.

Note: (A) Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, and (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g008.jpg

Change in heartburn before and after drinking.

Note: Left side: alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW), and right side: purified tap water (PW).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g009.jpg

Change in heavy stomach before and after drinking.

Note: Left side: alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW), and right side: purified tap water (PW).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g010.jpg

Change in lower abdominal pain before and after drinking.

Note: Left side: alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW), and right side: purified tap water (PW).

Regarding sleep quality, there was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the number of AEW group subjects who responded that they were able to sleep well, as shown in Figure 14A, and there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the number of subjects from the same group who said that they felt good upon awakening, as seen in Figure 15A.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g014.jpg

Change in sleep quality before and after drinking.

Note: (A) Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, and (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is MGR-8-160-g015.jpg

Changes in the state of getting up before and after drinking.

Note: (A) Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) drinking group, and (B) purified tap water (PW) drinking group.

Discussion

In Japan, AEW apparatus have been approved as medical devices, and ingesting AEW has been found to be effective in relieving gastrointestinal symptoms. A clinical evaluation of this effect was conducted with patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (heartburn, stomach discomfort, and abdominal symptoms such as abdominal bloating, diarrhea, and constipation).

Antioxidant action by hydrogen and gastric acid neutralization by alkaline pH have been considered. In addition, recent studies have shown that the intestinal bacterial flora distribution changes. It seems that these are involved in the normalization of the gastrointestinal activity. However, for this study, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were not specifically selected. As for these as well as the previous results, in general, there was no difference in the hematological values between the PW group and the AEW group. However, the newly measured HDL cholesterol value showed a tendency to increase with P = 0.097. The increase in HDL cholesterol by ingesting water containing hydrogen is reported by Gadek and colleagues. The effect of hydrogen can be considered to have had an effect in the AEW group this time as well.

As for gastrointestinal symptoms—which showed a significant difference during the previous study (significant improvement of abdominal symptoms and improvement of abnormal bowel movement),—sufficiently clear effect could not be confirmed by this study because the subjects did not show gastrointestinal symptoms, and very few of them responded that they had abnormal abdominal symptoms and bowel movement before participating in this study. Therefore, we believe this is the reason the answers of the subjects were the same before and after their participation in the study.

However, with respect to bowel movement, the stools slightly changed from soft to normal or slightly hard, or from loose to normal in the AEW group. This reflects that the stools are more normal, and, as shown in the previous report, that ingesting AEW is considered to contribute to intestinal normalization.,,Regarding items other than the gastrointestinal tract, a high proportion of the respondents said that they felt they were able to sleep well, and the proportion of subjects who answered that they felt good when awakening increased. Various studies on the relationship between the ingestion of antioxidant substances and the condition of sleep have been undertaken, and the effect of reducing oxidative stress, thus allowing for improved sleep quality, is exhibited by ingesting AEW containing hydrogen, which is considered an antioxidant substance.

Regarding sports performance, various reports on the effects of sleep on sports performance have concluded that willingly sleeping longer can lead to faster running, shortened reaction time, and improved motivation during practice and games. Improved sleep quality by ingesting AEW is, therefore, believed to help reduce fatigue, ensure appropriate endurance recovery, and improve overall sports performance.

The findings of this study indicate that ingesting AEW on a daily basis improves health and exercise capacity, even in healthy people who do not have gastrointestinal symptoms.

Footnotes

Funding: The study was supported by a grant from Matsushita Electric Works Co., Ltd. Home Appliances R&D Center (to HN).

Conflicts of interest

The corresponding author (YT) is a salaried employee of the Panasonic Corporation. One of the authors (SY) was a salaried employee of the Panasonic Corporation. This study does not alter our adherence to Medical Gas Research policies on sharing data and materials. Another authors (KI and HN) report no conflict of interest related to this manuscript.

Financial support

The study was supported by a grant from Matsushita Electric Works Co., Ltd. Home Appliances R&D Center (to HW).

Institutional review board statement

All procedures used in this research were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine (No. 837) and were registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000031800) on March 22, 2018.

Declaration of participant consent

The authors certify that they have obtained participant consent forms. In the form, participant have given their consent for their images andother clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Reporting statement

This study follows the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines.

Biostatistics statement

The statistical methods of this study were reviewed by the biostatistician of the Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.

Copyright license agreement

The Copyright License Agreement has been signed by all authors before publication.

Data sharing statement

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices). Study protocol and informed consent form will be available immediately following publication, without end date. Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and/or by publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Anonymized trial data will be available indefinitely at www.figshare.com.

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Link to Publisher's site
. 2018 Oct-Dec; 8(4): 160–166.
Published online 2019 Jan 9. doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.248267
PMCID: PMC6352572
PMID: 30713669
Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms
Yoshinori Tanaka, PhD,1* Yasuhiro Saihara,1 Kyoko Izumotani,2 and Hajime Nakamura3
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

References

1. Tanaka Y. Structure and function of alkaline ionized water apparatus. J Funct Water. 2017;12:29–33.[]
2. Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, et al. Chronic administration with electrolyzed alkaline water inhibits aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2002;32:69–81. []
3. Hayakawa T. Functions and applications of alkaline ionized water. Food Styl. 1999;3:49–55.[]
4. Tashiro H, Kitahora T, Fujiyama Y, Bammba T. Clinical evalutaion of alkaline ionized water for chronic diarrhea- placebo controlled Double-blind study. Diges Absor. 2000;23:52–56. []
5. Yoshihide Fujiyama. Utility and reliability of alkaline electrolyzed water. The 27th General Assembly of the Japan Medical Congress Osaka. 2007:1–30. []
6. Hotta K, Saihara Y. Basic Information on alkaline ionized water (potable alkaline electrolyzed water) – scientific and social basis and perspectives. Functi Water. 2017;12:35–44. []
7. Xue J, Shang G, Tanaka Y, et al. Dose-dependent inhibition of gastric injury by hydrogen in alkaline electrolyzed drinking water. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
8. Koyama K, Tanaka Y, Saihara Y, Ando D, Goto Y, Katayama A. Effect of hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on urinary oxidative stress makers after an acute severe exercise: a randomized controlled trial. Anti Med. 2008;4:117–122. []
9. Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, et al. n acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med. 2007;13:688–694. [PubMed] []
10. Iketani M, Sekimoto K, Igarashi T, et al. Administration of hydrogen-rich water prevents vascular aging of the aorta in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Sci Rep. 2018;8:16822. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
11. Zhang W, Zhang Q, Yao W. Intestinal microbiota ecological response to oral administrations of hydrogen-rich water and lactulose in female piglets fed a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet. Toxins (Base) 2018;10:E246. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
12. Muramatsu, S, Fujiwara K, Ito M, et al. Effect of electrolyzedreduced water ingestion on the changes of biochemical markers under the graded exercise test, Studies on humanities and social sciences of Chiba University. 2010:1–15. []
13. Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, et al. Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One. 2009;4:e7247. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
14. Hamasaki T, Harada G, Nakamichi N, et al. Electrochemically reduced water exerts superior reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in HT1080 cells than the equivalent level of hydrogen-dissolved water. PLoS one. 2017;12:e0171192. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
15. Shirahata S, Hamasaki T, Teruya K. Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends Food Sci Tech. 2012;23:124–131. []
16. Gadek Z, Hamasaki T, Shirahata S. “Nordenau Phenomenon” Application of Natural Reduced Water to Therapy. Anim Cell Tech. 2008;15:279–285. []
17. Sawada Y, Sugimoto A, Sami M, Shirasawa T. Dietary supplement with Apple Polyphenols and antioxidants decrease the oxidative stress in human. J Japan Mib Syst Asso. 2015;21:21–35.[]
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Effects of hydrogen rich water on prolonged intermittent exercise

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Peak power output (PPO), also known as “peak work rate” is a common measure of exercise intensity.

The Authors of this 2-weeks ‘ hydrogen /placebo water’ study (a cross over single-blind protocol -see footnotes for references) tested  8 trained male cyclists and measured multiple parameters(including mean and peak power output) on a regular basis(before and after 2 weeks cycle )

Notes:

1 The athletes were given were provided daily with 2 liters of placebo normal water (pH 7.6, ORP +230 mV, H2 0 ppb) or 2 liters hydrogen rich water(pH 9.8, ORP -180 mV, H2 450 ppb)

2  AlkaViva H2 ionizers such as Vesta/Delphy H2 can produce up to 1600 ppb at ph<10  ).

The authors found that while in the placebo group, Peak Power Output  in absolute values decreased significantly at the last couple of sprints and in relative values and ΔPPO decreased significantly  in more than a couple of sprints,  it remained unchanged in the group that drunk hydrogen rich water . Thus they conclude drinking 2  liters of hydrogen rich water per day over a 2 week period may help to maintain peak power output in intense exercise such as repetitive sprints to exhaustion over 30 minutes.

 

read complete article on pubmed:

PMID:28474871
DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06883-9

 2018 May;58(5):612-621. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06883-9. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Effects of hydrogen rich water on prolonged intermittent exercise.
Da Ponte A1,2, Giovanelli N3,4, Nigris D5, Lazzer S3,4.

[:en]molecular hydrogen water [:ro]apa hidrogenata/apa hidrogenizata/apa cu hidrogen molecular

Molecular hydrogen (water) benefits/effects for metabolic syndrome

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The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of molecular hydrogen rich water (1.5-2 L/day; molecular hydrogen concentration; 0.55-0.65 mM)) in an open label, 8-week study on 20 human subjects with potential metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by cardiometabolic risk factors that include obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Oxidative stress is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

 

The consumption of hydrogen rich water for 8 weeks resulted in a 39% increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a 43% decrease (p<0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in urine.

Further, subjects demonstrated an 8% increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and a 13% decrease in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol from baseline to week 4.

There was no change in fasting glucose levels during the 8 week study.

In conclusion, drinking molecular hydrogen rich water represents a potentially novel therapeutic and preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome.

 

 

 2010 Mar;46(2):140-9. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.09-100. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study.
Nakao A1, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N.

Heart, Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.

PMID:20216947; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20216947
Free PMC Article PMCID:PMC2831093
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831093/
 
DOI:10.3164/jcbn.09-100
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diatomic molecular hydrogen H2- Water Products

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 Diatomic molecular hydrogen H2- Water Products 

The benefits of diatomic molecular hydrogen-infused water are clear, and are covered in this article.

As the word gets out regarding  diatomic molecular, hydrogen-infused water or H2 water  more options are becoming available to create molecular hydrogen dizzolved in water . Some of these include:

  • Electric Water Ionizers
  • Molecular Hydrogen water Generators
  • Non-electric water ionizers / non-electric water filters
  • Magnesium/hydrogen Tablets and Powders for water
  • Magnesium Sticks  (including water bottles with magnesium sticks)  Mg + 2H 2O -> Mg (OH) 2 +H 2

Electric Water Ionizers

Electric water ionizers are the most proven and convenient way to create diatomic molecular hydrogen –  H2 dissolved in water and have a 30+ year track record of improvements/ patents in this regard.

An electric water ionizer, as a flow through device, produces molecular hydrogen H2 water on-demand; you turn it on and you can instantly enjoy molecular hydrogen H2 water at the ionized alkaline level you enjoy and select.

Electric water ionizers also offer other benefits such as alkaline ionized  water or acidic ionized  water, with selectable controls that enable you to use the water in various  “functional” ways.

One added benefit is that, in the water ionization /electrolysis process, the levels of fluoride ions and chemical compounds such as nitrates, phosphates and cyanide are reduced as they get attracted towards the acid water side.

AlkaViva has test results from the University of Nevada at Reno documenting this benefit.

Electric water ionizers are the only method for generating diatomic molecular hydrogen – or H2 water that carry approval as a health devices (Japan and Korean governments).

All AlkaViva electric water ionizers employ a patented technology that reverses the polarity of electrodes with every use, ensuring the electrode plates are maintained in a pristine condition and preserving their ability to generate therapeutic levels of diatomic molecular hydrogen – or H2 water.

AlkaViva also offers the only USA-made water filters which were shown to reduce virtually all contaminants to 99.9% in EPA-certified lab testing.

Electric water ionizers, however, are not affordable for everyone or practical in all situations and there exist more affordable options.

Neutral Water with molecular hydrogen H2 Generators(electric)

There is a newer technology for diatomic molecular hydrogen – or H2 water appearing on the market that is a significant departure from both the electric water ionizers and the magnesium-based, non-electric methods that produce dissolved molecular hydrogen H2  in water

These electric moleclar hydrogen H2 water generators are designed to create dissolved molecular hydrogen H2 in neutral pH water. Until they are tested extensively in the market over time, their durability remains unproven but a definite plus is that they can make good levels of diatomic molecular hydrogen water.

AlkaViva is now also importing their own molecular hydrogen H2 water generators and will be carefully observing performance and reliability over time, since unlike Korea or Japan, there is such a wide range in water quality and conditions in the USA which impact long-term performance in regards to H2 infusion /generating diatomic molecular hydrogen water.

We will be recommending UltraWater filter pre-treatment because the two standard water filters (carbon and .01m water filters) are produced in Asia and while they offer a good reduction of microorganisms, offer limited  water contaminant reduction.

The best diatomic molecular hydrogen water generators are flow through devices like electric water ionizers. Cheaper models are inconvenient, requiring you to pour a limited amount of water into a container and then wait while molecular  hydrogen is infused into the water. These models also do not usually filter the water.

Non-electric water Ionizers /water Filters

There are healing natural water springs around the world. Among them, are places like Nordenau (Germany), Tlacote (Mexico) and Hita Tenryosui, Japan. Research has documented that these waters contain dissolved molecular hydrogen1-3 along with alkaline minerals. These water springs get their healing characteristics through contact with natural alkaline earth metals and minerals. It is important to note that the molecular hydrogen level in water from the best natural healing spring is well below the molecular hydrogen H2 water level possible from an average electric water ionizer.

If quality water filters are used in non-electric water ionizers, then contaminants will be removed while helpful minerals are allowed to pass through. This makes a clean, mineralized healthy water that is designed to imitate nature’s healing springs. Unfortunately, today’s tap water is nothing like the water from natural springs. It often contains a host of chemicals, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other toxic substances, and it is an oxidizing agent.

Most countertop units that produce molecular hydrogen H2 water do not address the tap water contamination issue. Their water filters remove or reduce chlorine and some other contaminants (but not all).

One countertop filter stands out in regard to its water filtration capability. The Elita CT700 from AlkaViva not only makes diatomic molecular hydrogen water but also creates very clean, alkaline, ionized water. The Elita CT700 from AlkaViva incorporates proprietary USA-made UltraWater filtration technology. Independent, USA EPA, certified laboratory testing confirms that up to 99.9% of virtually all tap water contaminants (a total of 172 were tested) are removed with the UltraWater filtration technology.

No other non-electric ionizer has been tested for so many contaminants or tested using independent EPA testing methology.

What is significant about any non-electric countertop water ionizers is that they will give filtered, alkaline pH and ionized water on-demand. Equally significant is that they will NOT necessarily produce significant levels of  molecular hydrogen H2 on-demand. This is because the amount of molecular hydrogen  H2 water produced depends on how long the water stays in the water filter between uses. Reason is magnesium in these water filters requires a certain amount of contact time with water before it can transform into molecular hydrogen H2. Once you have poured a continuous stream of water or completed a few start and stops, from filling glasses or containers, the molecular hydrogen H2 water production falls off significantly. The level of molecular hydrogen H2 will ALWAYS be highest when the non electric water ionizer has been sitting for a period of time so that the water in it and magnesium can react – the longer the better – just like a stick.

Molecular Hydrogen producing  magnesium Tablets and Powders

Another way of producing molecular hydrogen H2 water is from metallic magnesium in the form of tablets or powders. There are a number of these products on the market today. Some are formulated to dissolve in water, producing the molecular hydrogen H2 reaction in a container before you consume the molecular hydrogen water . Others are formulated to be ingested – with the molecular hydrogen H2 being produced in the stomach. Since these products consist mainly of a special form of magnesium – a mineral that most of us are lacking in the diet – it’s normally both safe and beneficial to ingest.

The preferred method to make molecular hydrogen water is to use a tablet that dissolves in water. Why? Molecular hydrogen H2 saturation levels can easily be tested and documented. Using Molecular Hydrogen H2 reagent drops, you can measure the amount of molecular hydrogen H2 produced.4 Testing is impossible when tablets or powders are ingested. Also, the beneficial research results that have been achieved from ingesting molecular hydrogen H2 have mainly come from studies where subjects consumed dissolved molecular hydrogen H2 in water.

Tablets create molecular hydrogen H2 water in approximately 20 minutes. Drop the tablet into an airtight bottle of water, and you’ll see the molecular hydrogen  gas bubbles immediately form, infusing it with the powerful health properties of molecular hydrogen  H2. In fact, such tablets currently produce the most potent concentration of molecular hydrogen  H2  water. Everyone is different when it comes to taste, and some people report that various versions of the molecular hydrogen H2 generating tablets if magnesium have an unpleasant taste. You can add lemon juice or other flavoring without affecting the molecular hydrogen H2 concentration.

While it is true that molecular hydrogen  H2 producing tablets dissolved in water can make very high levels of molecular hydrogen H2 saturation, it is equally true that inconsistent performance is a real problem. Molecular hydrogen is the smallest element occupying the first position on the periodic table. Molecular hydrogen is similarly the smallest molecule – and it’s a gas. molecular hydrogen  wants to escape and will if not prepared in the right type of container. If the container is not completely airtight, filled all the way to the top, capped tightly and then allowed to sit for the correct amount of time, you will have wildly inconsistent results. If the preparation is botched it is entirely possible to have no molecular hydrogen  H2 in the water.

AlkaViva’s H2Viva is a molecular hydrogen H2 tablet product that you dissolve in water and that has been verified to produce a consistent saturation level up to twice the amount or more than that of a new hydrogen stick and will do so in half the time. These are stronger, faster, more consistent and convenient – working any place you have drinking water and a container.

Tablets are an effective way to get good molecular hydrogen  saturation – IF you have done everything correctly. There is no doubt they are an excellent way to get the benefits of molecular hydrogen H2 when you are traveling. Overall they are easy to use, very affordable, portable, and – if used properly – consistently produce a high saturation of molecular hydrogen  H2 water.

But what about water filtration? This is why at least a NON electric water ionizer with a great UltraWater filter could come in handy

Magnesium Sticks

The idea that you could generate molecular hydrogen  H2 in water from metallic magnesium reacting with water was first introduced in the late 1990’s. Magnesium sticks have been marketed since the early 2000s. You purchase the magnesium stick, drop it into a bottle filled with water and cap it. molecular hydrogen  H2 is produced when water comes into contact with a reactive form of magnesium metal in the stick. The chemical reaction is:

Mg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 + H2

After waiting a while, and if you’ve done everything correctly, you will have molecular hydrogen  H2  dissolved in water. One issue with the sticks is they do not filter the water. Many manufacturers recommend they be used with bottled water only. At a minimum, you should be using properly filtered water.

Also, while they will produce varying levels of molecular hydrogen  H2 saturation when new, molecular hydrogen water generating sticks are not as convenient as an electric water ionizer. You have to wait for the chemical reaction to take place in a limited amount of water. Worse, there is no consistency in how long it takes to create the molecular hydrogen  H2. Plus there is no data on how long a magnesium stick is capable of producing significant amounts of molecular hydrogen  H2. The bottom line is that they work – with some important caveats.

Summary

The explosion in published research, covering every organ and over 150 disease models, continues to demonstrate positive impacts on health and wellbeing with no contraindications of diatomic molecular hydrogen( water). With all these choices of ways to take advantage of the benefits of consuming molecular hydrogen (water), there is no reason not to! It seems clear to us, at least for now, that electric water ionizers are the most proven, easiest and most consistent way to get your daily molecular hydrogen water 

Join the molecular hydrogen  H2  water revolution and optimize your health and well-being! Experience more energy and mental clarity plus improve your athletic performance by giving your body the ability to naturally thrive. You have the best products to choose from at AlkaViva – we’ll help you find the right one for your budget and lifestyle!

 

 

1.) ZHANG, J. Y., LIU, C., ZHOU, L., QU, K., WANG, R. T., TAI, M. H., LEI, J. C. W. L., WU, Q. F. and WANG, Z. X. (2012). A Review of Hydrogen as a New Medical Therapy. Hepato-Gastroenterology 59, 1026-1032.

2.) SHIRAHATA, S. A. N. E. T. A. K. A. (2002). Reduced water for prevention of diseases. Animal Cell Technology: Basic and Applied Aspects 12, 25-30.

3.) SHIRAHATA, S., HAMASAKI, T. and TERUYA, K. (2012). Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends in Food Science and Technology 23, 124-131.

4.) TOMOKI SEO, RYOSUKE KUROKAWA AND BUNPEI SATO (2012) A convenient method for determining the concentration of hydrogen in water: use of methylene blue with colloidal platinum. Medical Gas Research 2012, 2:1